Cell biology -- new insights into the life of microtubules

Public release date: 2-Jul-2012
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Contact: Dr. Kathrin Bilgeri
kathrin.bilgeri@lmu.de
49-892-180-6938
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitt Mnchen

Every second, around 25 million cell divisions take place in our bodies. This process is driven by microtubule filaments which continually grow and shrink. A new study shows how so-called motor proteins in the cytosol can control their dynamics.

The cytoskeleton plays a central role in the process of cell division. It is composed in large part of protein filaments known as microtubules, which also help determine the size, shape and mobility of a cell. In a new study, LMU biophysicist Erwin Frey and his colleagues Anna Melbinger and Louis Reese have used a theoretical model to show how cells control the construction and breakdown of microtubules. The dy-namics of this process affect how cells divide, and how they maintain the cytoskeleton. In particular, it is responsible for regulating the size and shape of the mitotic spindle.

Easy come, easy go

Theoretical modeling has now revealed that the regulation of microtubule length relies on the length of the filament itself: The longer the filament the more motor proteins can attach to it. These all move towards the 'plus end' of the microtubule and tend to pile up as they do so. Upon arrival at the plus-end they shorten the filament. In parallel, new microtubule building blocks bind to precisely the same 'plus end' through spontaneous polymerization from the surrounding cytosol, and the filament grows.

It has now been demonstrated that such interplay between growth and length-dependent shrinkage indeed results in the maintenance of a precisely regulated microtubule length. This kind of length regulation might be essential for many intracellular tasks which depend on microtubules of a certain length. (Physical Review Letters, 22. June 2012)

###

This work was supported by the Cluster of Excellence "Nanosystems Initiative Munich" (NIM) and SFB 863 (Forces in Biomolecular Systems)

Publication:
Microtubule Length Regulation by Molecular Motors
Anna Melbinger, Louis Reese, and Erwin Frey
Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 258104 (2012). Published online June 22, 2012

Contact:
Prof. Dr. Erwin Frey
Chair of Statistical and Biological Physics
Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics, Center for NanoScience (CeNS) and the Cluster of Excellence "Nanosystems Initiative Munich" (NIM)
LMU Munich

Phone: +49 89 / 2180 4537
Fax: +49 89 / 2180 4538
Email: frey@lmu.de
Web: www.theorie.physik.uni-muenchen.de/lsfrey/group_frey

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Public release date: 2-Jul-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Dr. Kathrin Bilgeri
kathrin.bilgeri@lmu.de
49-892-180-6938
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitt Mnchen

Every second, around 25 million cell divisions take place in our bodies. This process is driven by microtubule filaments which continually grow and shrink. A new study shows how so-called motor proteins in the cytosol can control their dynamics.

The cytoskeleton plays a central role in the process of cell division. It is composed in large part of protein filaments known as microtubules, which also help determine the size, shape and mobility of a cell. In a new study, LMU biophysicist Erwin Frey and his colleagues Anna Melbinger and Louis Reese have used a theoretical model to show how cells control the construction and breakdown of microtubules. The dy-namics of this process affect how cells divide, and how they maintain the cytoskeleton. In particular, it is responsible for regulating the size and shape of the mitotic spindle.

Easy come, easy go

Theoretical modeling has now revealed that the regulation of microtubule length relies on the length of the filament itself: The longer the filament the more motor proteins can attach to it. These all move towards the 'plus end' of the microtubule and tend to pile up as they do so. Upon arrival at the plus-end they shorten the filament. In parallel, new microtubule building blocks bind to precisely the same 'plus end' through spontaneous polymerization from the surrounding cytosol, and the filament grows.

It has now been demonstrated that such interplay between growth and length-dependent shrinkage indeed results in the maintenance of a precisely regulated microtubule length. This kind of length regulation might be essential for many intracellular tasks which depend on microtubules of a certain length. (Physical Review Letters, 22. June 2012)

###

This work was supported by the Cluster of Excellence "Nanosystems Initiative Munich" (NIM) and SFB 863 (Forces in Biomolecular Systems)

Publication:
Microtubule Length Regulation by Molecular Motors
Anna Melbinger, Louis Reese, and Erwin Frey
Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 258104 (2012). Published online June 22, 2012

Contact:
Prof. Dr. Erwin Frey
Chair of Statistical and Biological Physics
Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics, Center for NanoScience (CeNS) and the Cluster of Excellence "Nanosystems Initiative Munich" (NIM)
LMU Munich

Phone: +49 89 / 2180 4537
Fax: +49 89 / 2180 4538
Email: frey@lmu.de
Web: www.theorie.physik.uni-muenchen.de/lsfrey/group_frey

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-07/lm-cb-070212.php

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Marathon swimmer fails to complete Cuba-U.S. journey

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Spain promises to attack Italy in Euro 2012 final

By PAUL LOGOTHETIS

AP Sports Writer

Associated Press Sports

updated 4:29 p.m. ET June 30, 2012

KIEV, Ukraine (AP) -Spain will play attacking football against Italy in the European Championship final. The defending champions just hope Italy returns the favor.

Both teams go into Sunday's final at the Olympic Stadium promising to maintain the tactics that have brought them here. Spain coach Vicente del Bosque promised an attacking lineup comprised of three forwards, which did little to clear up whether Spain will use its midfield-heavy attack or field a single striker.

He also brushed off criticism that Spain's attack lacks the cutting edge it had during the team's Euro 2008 and 2010 World Cup triumphs.

"We have more of an obligation to attack than to defend because we have players with capabilities to do so," Del Bosque said on Saturday. "Football moves forward and there has been a change of players in the team, but the nucleus remains the same. We're playing the same way we always have."

Cesc Fabregas and Fernando Torres have shared the most of the responsibility for Spain's attack. David Silva has looked fatigue and there is speculation he could make way for Pedro Rodriguez, who has been impressive in his two appearances off the bench.

Italy coach Cesare Prandelli has meanwhile promised to maintain Italy's current style, which has not only helped it to the final but has come as a surprise compared to its normally defensive ways.

"A team that has (Andrea) Pirlo, (Claudio) Marchisio and (Riccardo) Montolivo is a team that wants to play football, there's no doubt," Del Bosque said. "It's an open final because we've both followed parallel styles to get here. Our styles of play have been very similar, I don't see much of a difference."

Italy has played with a certain flair normally attributed to Spain, which is vying to win a third straight major title. Spain and Italy played to a 1-1 draw in their Group C opener, when Italy was one of the few teams not to sit back and to strike on the counterattack.

"We have to wait until tomorrow to see what the Italy coach does," Spain playmaker Xavi Hernandez said. "Italian football isn't what it was two years ago, now they want the ball. They've got a great team and they know how to compete."

All the ingredients are there for a memorable final.

"Italy has changed, they've got better as the tournament went on and they deserve to be in the final," Del Bosque said. "We can't think we'll face a defensive Italy because they have never showed that here. They come (into the final) playing a certain way and I imagine they will maintain it for this last game against us."

---

Paul Logothetis can be reached at: www.twitter.com/PaulLogoAP

? 2012 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

advertisement

More newsGabriel Bouys / AFP - Getty Images

Source: http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/47816582/ns/sports-soccer/

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Indiana tornado mom visits president

WASHINGTON ? An Indiana woman who lost both legs shielding her children from a tornado walked arm-in-arm with President Obama into the Oval Office on Friday.

The visit by Stephanie Decker came just under four months after the twister wrecked her home in Henryville. She had tied a blanket around the children and thrown herself on top of them when falling debris crushed her legs.

?We planned this a few months out, and here we are,? Decker said in an interview after the 15-minute visit.

When not using a wheelchair, Decker, 37, walks for extended periods using prosthetic limbs. She said her goal is to be able to spend eight to 10 hours a day on those limbs.

?I?m a pretty active person,? she said.

Decker was joined by her son Dominic, 9, daughter Reese, 6, and husband Joe, 42, for the Oval Office visit.

It followed a handwritten letter from Obama and a follow-up call from the president while she was in the hospital.

Decker said she and Obama discussed an improved prosthetic model being developed by the military, and a foundation she and her husband started that trains children with artificial limbs to play sports. Decker said the rebuilding in Indiana has been slow, but her visit will be an encouragement.

?To have the president know and (take) the time to talk to us, it gives us motivation,? she said.

Source: http://www.journalgazette.net/article/20120630/NEWS07/306309978/1067

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Stanford Football: Can the Cardinal Make It Four in a Row over Notre Dame?

Last week, we gave an early preview of?Stanford?s September showdown against USC, against whom the Cardinal are 4-1 since 2006. Another key 2012 matchup for Stanford will be at Notre Dame.

The Cardinal have won the last three meetings over the Irish and visit South Bend on October 13.

Stanford?s three victories during the Andrew Luck era were by a combined score of 110-66. The Irish
have had no answer for the Cardinal?s power running attack, which piled up 673 rushing yards in the three wins. Luck added four passing TDs in the 2011 game.

Will 2012 make it four in a row?

Both teams lost offensive superstars to the NFL?Luck, Fleener, DeCastro and Martin from Stanford, and?Michael Floyd from Notre Dame.

Both teams are unsettled at QB. Stanford?s new starter may emerge from among Brett Nottingham, Josh Nunes and others during training camp. The Irish have Tommy Rees returning, but he lacked
consistency in 2011 and will be challenged for the starting QB position.

Both teams will also be unveiling new secondaries, with at least?three new starting DBs?in each unit. Neither pass defense was?scintillating in 2011, as the Cardinal surrendered over 253 passing yards per game and 18 TDs in the pass-happy Pac-12, and the Irish allowed over 205 yards per game and 23 TDs.

?

But Stanford has?one of the nation?s best rushing attacks, featuring Heisman hopeful Stepfan Taylor at RB and an OL flushed with incoming 5-star freshmen.??

Taylor has rushed for 270 yards in the three wins over Notre Dame, and that includes his cameo appearance in the 2009 game better known as the Toby Gerhart Show.

The Cardinal also have a pair of towering TEs in Zach Ertz and Levine Toilolo and a swift WR in Ty Montgomery who is poised for a breakout sophomore season. Montgomery hauled in six receptions for 77 yards and a touchdown in the Cardinal's 28-14 win over ND last November.

Notre Dame also returns talent in the backfield and on the OL, and has a star TE of its own in Tyler Eifert.

The Stanford defensive line and LB corps could be among the nation?s best, with dynamic playmakers led by Chase Thomas, Trent Murphy and Ben Gardner, who combined for 19.5 sacks in 2011.

Finally, don?t forget Stanford's second team All-Pac 12 PK Jordan Williamson. Now fully recovered from his 2011?injury that contributed to his Fiesta Bowl struggles, Williamson should be nails in 2012.

Still, South Bend has not been terribly?kind to the Cardinal over the years. The 2010 win, where FB/LB Owen Marecic famously scored touchdowns on offense and defense, was Stanford?s first in Notre Dame stadium since 1992.

?

The 2012 Cardinal should be able to ride the power running game and the punishing front seven on defense for its first back-to-back wins in South Bend in over 20 years.

More to come on this matchup later this summer.

Source: http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1241869-stanford-football-can-the-cardinal-make-it-four-in-a-row-over-notre-dame

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Anneli Rufus: When Did Mall Food Go Glam?

Mall food has gotten really fancy lately.

When I was a kid and spent long lugubrious days hanging out with my friends at malls in LA -- Del Amo, Carson, Fox Hills -- eating was a major activity, along with slouching around the indoor gardens, riding the escalators up and down for hours, and buying sequin-studded T-shirts off the sale racks. We ate at the food courts, naturally -- because they were pretty much our only options, and because tacos and Orange Julius and frozen yogurt were all we wanted anyway. One rare super-deluxe occasions (such as when accompanied by relatives from out of town) we bought sandwiches at Honey Baked Ham.

Things have changed. While food courts are still ubiquitous, some malls have gone luxury-gourmet.

This week I attended a party at the Westfield San Francisco Centre where the chefs from its restaurants served up everything from pork rillettes to peach panna cotta to melt-in-your-mouth, light-as-air Chinese spun-sugar "dragon beard" candy, a 2,000-year-old tradition seldom seen in the States.

The Westfield's food offerings include artisanal pizza baked in a handcrafted Neapolitan Stafano Ferrara oven at Cupola, ice-cream profiteroles and cannel? de Bordeaux baked daily at La Boulange du Dome, filet mignon tartare and Perigord black-truffle-and-Brie steak burgers at Lark Creek Steak, plum-dressed Singaporean-style sashimi salad at Straits, and more. TV chef Martin Yan's M.Y. China restaurant is set to open at the mall this fall. At the party, M.Y. China insiders theatrically tossed hand-pulled noodles to the crowd's delight.

It's a far cry from Orange Julius. But more and more malls are going glam, despite this economy. Maybe it's because mall days are a mini-"staycation," so a $52 USDA Prime boneless ribeye steak at Lark Creek after stocking up on sneakers at Adidas makes up for the fact that we aren't going to Rio this year. Or maybe it's because palates, even mall-going palates, are getting more savvy every day -- especially in food-centric cities such as San Francisco, where the Westfield party launched an annual month-long festival known as SFChefs.

Dining options at the Mall of America include the Napa Valley Grille, whose French-trained chef prepares truffled BLTs, Scottish salmon, and black figs with prosciutto and burrata. The Dubai Mall in Dubai features many fancy options, including a new TWG Tea Salon, which features black velvet chairs, crisp white table linens, handcrafted glass walls, Italian marble floors and crystal lamps.

At the Westfield, many restaurants are arranged under a vast cathedral-like dome -- an architectural marvel that you just wouldn't expect to see in the same place where you shop for underwear. But nothing is as it used to be -- so bring on the dragon beards.

All photographs were taken by Kristan Lawson, used with his permission.

?

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Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/anneli-rufus/mall-food_b_1637670.html

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